時論-山寨版地方自治 – 中時電子報
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時論-山寨版地方自治
2015年06月16日 04:10
中國時報 魏國彥
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漢初,劉邦裂土封王,將肥饒豐腴之地賦予功臣王子治理,部分諸侯兵強馬壯,食髓知味,遂「出入擬於天子,不聽天子詔」;賈誼上書漢文帝,建議對先反者先治,施以斧斤,不可「以危為安,以亂為治」,若諸侯群起效尤,則「雖堯舜不治」。奈何漢文帝礙於骨肉親情,或因奉行黃老之治,未及時處置,養癰遺患,以吳王、楚王為首的七個藩王於其子漢景帝執政時叛變,宰割天下,分裂河山,人民塗炭,史稱「七國之亂」,幸經太尉周亞夫率兵平定。台灣目前的政治亂象有相似之處。
時論-山寨版地方自治 - 中時電子報
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時論-山寨版地方自治
2015年06月16日 04:10
中國時報 魏國彥
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漢初,劉邦裂土封王,將肥饒豐腴之地賦予功臣王子治理,部分諸侯兵強馬壯,食髓知味,遂「出入擬於天子,不聽天子詔」;賈誼上書漢文帝,建議對先反者先治,施以斧斤,不可「以危為安,以亂為治」,若諸侯群起效尤,則「雖堯舜不治」。奈何漢文帝礙於骨肉親情,或因奉行黃老之治,未及時處置,養癰遺患,以吳王、楚王為首的七個藩王於其子漢景帝執政時叛變,宰割天下,分裂河山,人民塗炭,史稱「七國之亂」,幸經太尉周亞夫率兵平定。台灣目前的政治亂象有相似之處。
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去年11月底地方大選綠營囊括大部分縣市長席位,半年多來,通過各種自治條例「以地方包圍中央」,有侵奪中央法制與職權之虞;例如高雄市要求石化企業將總部設在高雄,否則不准許其所申請設置之管線;又如近日雲林縣逕行公告,禁用生煤、石油焦。又或如前段缺水期間,桃園縣縣長揚言地方資源獨享,將石門水庫的水專屬桃園使用。近來地方自治爭權事件之性質,應歸屬於中央及地方均得共同立法事項的範疇,亦即中央與地方均享有競合的立法權。憲法規定,在此類共同立法事項,中央應享有優先的立法權,亦即中央法律已經規定之事項,地方即不得再為與之相牴觸之立法規範,此為「法律先占理論」。地方自治理應依「地方制度法」施行。該法第25條規定,直轄市、縣市及鄉鎮得就其自治事項制定自治法規。但該等自治事項,如其事件之性質,屬於共同立法事項時,則中央法律仍有優先立法權,倘中央個別的行政法律已經加以規範者,則地方立法權之行使,即不得與之相牴觸。該法第30條規定,自治條例與憲法、法律,或基於法律授權之法規,或上級自治團體自治條例牴觸者,無效。其發生牴觸無效者,分別由行政院、中央各該項主管機關予以函告無效。為謀求民眾利益,中央與地方理論上應為伙伴關係,然若地方爭權爭錢,據地為王,自訂法律,自徵稅款,自設刑堂,則與綠林山寨無異;若任其滋生蔓延,人民將輾轉於各級政府扞格之法律條文之下,莫衷一是,動輒得咎,則國將不國,家不為家,台灣永無寧日矣!(作者為行政院環保署署長)(中國時報),